How to control the color mixing of LED lamps?
About LED Color Mixing
The human eye can detect light with wavelengths ranging from 390 nm to 700 nm. The first LED luminaires used only red (~630nm), green (~540nm) and blue (~470nm) LEDs. These 3 colors cannot be mixed to create every color that the human eye can see.
The three vertices of the triangle fall within the high-saturation red, green, and blue regions, respectively. By changing the power emitted by each LED chip, any color in the color gamut can be obtained, but this is only a theory. In fact, the color mixing effect is affected by many factors. For example, the exact wavelengths of red, green, and blue vary from lamp to lamp, and there can be huge differences between them.
Color gamut describes not only hue, but also intensity and saturation. If you do a quick Google search for "color gamut", you'll see circles, torus, cubes, cones, and even fruit shapes, all of which attempt to show the three-dimensional relationship of HSL.
add more colors
With the technological innovation of LED and changes in price, more and more manufacturers have entered this market. Lighting designers are increasingly looking forward to this new light source, and as a result, the requirements for luminaire brightness and control of color consistency are also increasing. New LED colors such as white, amber, cyan and violet are available. At first, the most popular combination was RGBA, with the addition of an amber chip. This makes the shape of the gamut more like a rectangle than a triangle.
Another variant is RGBW, which has a broad spectrum of white LEDs. Newer fixtures add white and amber (RGBAW) to the RGB base.
With the continuous advancement of LED technology, chip manufacturers have also successfully produced deep red, cyan and royal blue LEDs. These colors have been applied to the 7-color system (magenta, red, amber, green, cyan, blue, and royal blue), expanding the color gamut and providing designers with more colors.
Controlling so many chips can be laborious; multiple combinations of power per chip can achieve the same color point in color space.
How to control these LEDs
Due to the further development of LED technology, the control has also become more and more complex. The good news is that some modern control systems can drive any type of color scheme in a very simple way. In addition to intensity, the user gets different color parameters: RGB, CMY. HSL and HSV.
The author examines these possibilities through a real-life example. For example, a designer working on a musical is using color-mixing lamps to color the sky.
The stage needed to create a sunset scene, and the designer wanted to change from amber to pink. Using the RGB color space, cue 1 is amber (R=lOO8, G=602, B=O8), and cue 2 is pink (R=1007, G=02, B=603).
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