How to make the museum lighting well? Debugging is very important.
Lighting is very important in museums, such as the clothing of people. It not only sets off the exhibits and shields the irrelevant parts, but also makes the whole museum exaggerate the appeal. For a good museum lighting, in addition to excellent design, debugging is also very important. If you draw a proportion, you can say it without shame-three-point design, seven-point debugging. The importance of debugging is more important than design.
Different spaces and different places have different debugging methods, and this is especially true in museum lighting where lighting requirements are very high. In addition to strict requirements for the lighting control of lamps and lighting schemes in the museum, lighting debugging is even more stringent and difficult. Today, I will talk to you about the experience of lighting debugging in the museum. We will exchange and learn together and make progress together.
Before understanding museum lighting debugging, we need to understand some basic museum concepts.
In the eyes of most people, the lighting of museums and art galleries is similar. In fact, it is not. The previous article has detailed the differences between museums and art galleries. Here is a brief summary. Museum lighting and art galleries are in color temperature, There are differences in color rendering, illuminance, lighting, etc. For example, in terms of color temperature, museums commonly use a color temperature of 3000k, while art museums use a color temperature of 4000k. In the lighting method, museums use washing. There are fewer lighting methods on the walls, and the opposite is true for art galleries. Distinguish the general differences, the following is the title, mainly about the lighting of the museum, the art museum does not involve it.
Lamp situation of museum lighting
Museum lighting has higher requirements for lamps, which are quite different from general commercial lighting. In addition to the requirements of color rendering index, color tolerance, and spot light type, museum lighting is often a whole system. Commonly used museum lighting has zoomable and non-zoomable, zoomable focal length is adjustable, flexibility and compatibility are high, but the characteristic is that it is adjustable, the integration of the lamp is high, and it is often not possible to install optical accessories; non-zoom integration Inferior, it is characterized by strong expansibility, can be equipped with various accessories, and can be adapted to various lighting scenes with special light patterns.
Museum lighting optical accessories
The optical accessories of the lamps are also a complete system, which also needs to be understood. For example, there are bee nets and anti-glare tubes for anti-glare, shading fan blades for light interception, soft and stretched lenses for optimized light types, and colored lenses with special color rendering index. The optical characteristics of different accessories need to be familiarized and understood.
Finally, we need some auxiliary tools to the scene, such as illuminance meter, rangefinder, spectrometer, etc.
debugging
At the beginning, we must first understand the theme of the exhibition hall, think first, and debug with thinking. For example, the theme of the exhibition hall is ancient silk, ancient bronze lacquerware, rock paintings, etc., then it is necessary to consider mainly using accent lighting to highlight the key points of the theme, while weakening the parts outside the theme and stretching them in layers.
In order to debug quickly and effectively, first divide the different areas of the museum. The museum lighting can be divided into the following parts: exhibition cabinets, exhibition boards, relief sculptures, scene creation and other parts.
Showcase
Showcases are a very important part of the museum, and the number of museum showcases may occupy more than average. There are many types of display cabinets, including through cabinets, four-sided cabinets, independent cabinets, and wall cabinet lights. Different display cabinets have different dimming methods. Some of the display cabinet lighting is directly installed by the display cabinet manufacturer, and the change space of the display cabinet lighting in this part will not be too large.
Exhibition board
In museums, display panels also take up a large part. Prints and reproductions of display panels mainly play a role in display and explanation. The common display boards include the foreword, the foreword, the description of the exhibits, and the epilogue. The size and shape of the exhibition boards are different. There will be various shapes, various processes, and special processes. The main need to pay attention to the occurrence of secondary imaging, although sometimes the secondary imaging cannot be completely eliminated, it must be debugged. To a range that does not affect viewing.
For the lighting debugging of the exhibition board, the uniformity is particularly important. When debugging, it should be in accordance with the requirements for the uniformity of the flat display board in the museum's lighting regulations. In debugging, the easiest is a square or rectangular display board with a suitable size. The "one lamp, one board" method can be used. If the uniformity of the softness is not enough, you can add soft light accessories to the lamps. Kind of commonly used soft light accessories.
The second is the elongated display panel with a relatively large length and width. In this case, it is necessary to use stretched lenses and shading fan blades, use the stretched lenses to elongate the light pattern, and then shading fan blades to control the light pattern.
Attention should be paid to the brightness control when debugging the display panel, especially for some large-format display panels, the reflection formed by excessive brightness will brighten the whole, so that it will occupy the magpie’s nest and overwhelm the guests.
Sometimes you encounter some special exhibition boards, such as huge continuous exhibition boards. In this case, you can use shading fan blades to control the light type to a suitable size, and perform continuous lighting on the key parts.
Relief
Many parts of the museum are embossed. The reliefs are usually shaped in a scene on the wall. Like many memorials, you will find that there are many ways of expression in relief. So how should the relief in the museum be debugged?
Reliefs are generally larger in size, the materials used are darker in color, and the reflectivity is low. In this case, the method of large-scale wall washing is not very good. First of all, the reflectivity of the relief is low. In this way, a lot of lights are used, but it still doesn’t feel bright. At the same time, the relief is usually not a pure surface, it is the product of the combination of three-dimensional and flat surfaces, so large-scale wall-washing lighting cannot be used. .
If too many wall-washing lighting methods are used in a museum, the museum looks bright everywhere, so that it will lose the level.
The best way to debug the embossed part is to find out the key performance part of the embossed part, and highlight it in the way of accent lighting, which will have a better effect than washing the wall.
Scenes
In museums, scene creation is very common, because the scene and can directly "tell" the theme of the display, how should it be debugged in the scene lighting? It should be noted here that sometimes the installation location of the scene lamps is often limited, or the location is wrong, because the structure of the scene is very irregular. At this time, it is necessary to debug according to local conditions. The scene display is more often people, sculptures, animals, plants, etc.
The debugging of the scene is more complicated. The first thing to consider is how to solve the ghosting problem. The more straightforward method is to directly highlight the entire scene. But in this way, there is no contrast between light and dark, and it seems that there are not many levels. If you want to better solve the ghosting problem of the scene, you can first use a main image, zoom in the angle, and cover the entire environment first, but the brightness should not be too high, and then use the focus lighting method on the left and right sides of the character. The ghosting will weaken. Just like painting, apply light colors first, then dark colors.
Finally, you may encounter some relatively huge scenes. The exhibits of this scene may require stereo observation. In this case, you can use lights to cross-illuminate the front and back, but pay attention to glare and ghosting, and pay attention to adding anti-glare accessories and shading fans. Leaf lights, etc. control the light.
