How long is the lifespan of led lights?
LED lights are actually light-emitting diodes. In my impression, this kind of diode is very durable. Many electronic devices use it to make flashlights. It is obviously more durable and reliable. Generally speaking, it can reach 100,000 hours in theory. There is no problem. The reason why the LED is durable is mainly because it does not have the problem of filament blown. But in fact, the use of LEDs is also directly related to the service life of other components. The life of LED lights is determined by the shortest life of LEDs, chips and other components. The theoretical service life still only refers to the light beads (perhaps the light The theoretical life of the LED light, like the LED driver is generally bad, so it cannot be considered that the life of the entire LED light is very long.
1. The LED has a narrow spectrum. From this point of view, it is similar to a gas discharge light, such as a high-pressure sodium light, which is yellow light. The lighting LEDs we use are mainly blue, and then coated with yellow phosphors to form white light. Actual use has proved that many domestic LED lights have a short service life, and even the failure rate is higher than many lights on the market, because the driving of LED is very important.
2. Generally, the light bead is burned, and it will not light up, and there will be a more obvious black burn. If the driving material is not good, it is easier to hang up than the LED. Most of them are bad drivers, such as capacitors blown up, driving and heat dissipation are the bottlenecks of LEDs, not light beads.
3. The heat dissipation problem is first and foremost a big problem with integrated (national standard: self-ballasted) LED lights. The problem of heat dissipation is that the incandescent light itself needs the filament to be heated to the incandescent temperature, so it needs high temperature; the high-pressure gas light is basically a ballast and the light are separated, so the ballast is not afraid of the heat of the light tube, and the light tube is exposed to the device. It is not a big problem (high pressure mercury light, metal halide light), of course, if it is not exposed, it is usually forced to dissipate heat (projector, movie machine); the light tube of low pressure gas light (fluorescent light, energy saving light) is very large, so that heat The light tube will dissipate when exposed to the air, so even if it is a self-ballasted energy-saving light, its ballast will not be baked by many lights, and the problem is still not big. LED lights are very hard on this problem. First, the LED chip is very afraid of heat. Second, it is small in size. It is not as large as a low-pressure gas light that is so large that it can be exposed to the air to dissipate heat. Therefore, LED lights generally require a radiator. Finally, because It needs a large radiator, so the manufacturer installs the ballast into the radiator.
4. The drive with a long life is not bad. To extend the service life of the LED, it is necessary to reduce or completely dissipate the heat generated by the LED chip. Thermal energy is the primary reason for LEDs to stop working, and the life of LEDs is closely related to the chips and drivers of LEDs. High-quality LEDs can maintain more than 60% of the initial light brightness after 50,000 hours of continuous operation. Assuming the LED has reached its extra useful life, it may actually still be glowing, just very weakly.
5. When using, the current is too large to exceed the extra current of the LED light, which will cause the risk of burning or breakdown of some components in the LED drive power supply.
6. From the perspective of light beads, the life of LED light beads is possible. The light-emitting mechanism of LED is determined by the special structure of the diode. The diode is mainly composed of a pn crystal sheet, an electrode and an optical system. When a forward bias is applied to the electrode of the diode, electrons and holes will be injected into the p area and n area. The electrons entering the p-region and the holes entering the n-region balance the minority carriers in right and wrong. When the non-equilibrium minority carriers continue to recombine with the majority carriers, they will convert the remaining energy by radiating photons. for light energy. The light-emitting process of LED consists of three parts: carrier injection under forward bias, recombination radiation and light energy transmission. It can be seen that LED mainly relies on the continuous movement of carriers to emit light, and there is no aging and burning phenomenon. Its special light-emitting mechanism determines its light-emitting life as long as 50,000 to 100,000 hours. LED light decay is slow, not suddenly off.
7. Humid environment is also an element that affects the life of LED lights. The problem of "water mist" of LED lights, pointed candle lights, bulb lights, flood lights, etc., after lighting for a period of time, the inner wall of the outer cover presents the phenomenon of water droplets and water mist. LED lights are generally assembled from several different materials, such as the heat dissipation part of the light cup is metal, the lightshade is plastic, etc.; the lights will generate a certain amount of heat during operation, and the thermal expansion coefficients of different materials are different. There is a gap in the lightshade and air intake; when used in an environment with relatively high humidity, the temperature inside and outside the lightshade is different, and the heated air inside the lightshade will understand that the lightshade is cold. If the gas contains more water vapor at this time, it will occur. The phenomenon of water mist and water droplets will disappear after lighting for a period of time.
8. When the LED operating temperature is below 25°C, the service life is 100,000 hours; when the temperature is 25-50°C, the service life is 50,000 hours; when the temperature is 50-75°C, the service life is 20,000 hours; The service life is 10,000 hours at 100-125°C, 5,000 hours at 125-150°C, and 2,000 hours at 125-150°C.
9. The heating of the LED, from the perspective of a single light bead, is mainly due to the heating of the internal PN junction. From the current technical conditions, there is no way to deal with it. To reduce the heat "from the source", it is now as if you only need to reduce the input power, such as an extra 1A of current, you only give 0.7-0.8A. This is also a compromise approach in the industry a few years ago, and it is also a relatively common practice. After all, the performance of the radiator is greatly increased, and the cost increase is considerable. For details, please refer to the CPU radiator.
10. Drivers should pay attention to two issues. The first current is suitable for your target LED; the second is that the minimum value of the voltage is lower than the Vf of your target LED, and the maximum value is higher than the Vf of your target LED. Generally, the Vf of a light bead is about 3V. Assuming that your LED light is connected in series by 6 light beads, its Vf is estimated to be 18V (17.4~19.8V), which is not suitable for you. Assuming that my LED ceiling light is a 0.5W piece of two LED dies and then 12 pairs are connected in series, then the estimated Vf is 36V, the current of each light bead is 0.15A*3V=0.45W, and the power is 10.8W, so it is suitable this driver
The blue capacitor and 47 ohm resistor play a step-down effect, and the black electrolytic capacitor plays a filtering and voltage-stabilizing effect. It doesn't get any simpler than this. If the light bulb is 10W, then the power on the resistor is 0.1W, and it has a relatively high temperature, which has a relatively large impact on the life.
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