LED, or light-emitting diode, is a solid-state semiconductor device that can directly convert electricity into light. The heart of the LED is a semiconductor chip. When a current is applied to the chip through a wire, electrons and holes are pushed into the quantum well, where the electrons and holes recombine and are emitted in the form of photons. energy. According to different forms, the classification of LEDs is also diverse, and most of them are currently classified according to the following four forms.
1. According to the color of the light-emitting tube
According to the light-emitting color of the light-emitting tube, it can be divided into red, orange, green (subdivided into yellow-green, standard green and pure green), blue light, etc. In addition, some light-emitting diodes contain chips of two or three colors.
According to whether the light-emitting diode emits light with or without a scattering agent, colored or colorless, the above-mentioned light-emitting diodes of various colors can also be divided into four types: colored and transparent, colorless and transparent, colored scattering and colorless scattering. Scattered light-emitting diodes and Dayu are used as indicator lights.
2. According to the characteristics of the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting tube
According to the characteristics of the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting tube, it is divided into round light, square light, rectangular light, LED panel light surface light-emitting tube, lateral tube, micro-tube for surface mounting, etc. Circular lights are divided into φ2mm, φ4.4mm, φ5mm, φ8mm, φ10mm and φ20mm according to their diameters. In foreign countries, LEDs with φ3mm are usually denoted as T-1; those with φ5mm are denoted as T-1 (3/4); φ4.4mm is recorded as T-1 (1/4).
The angular distribution of circular luminous intensity can be estimated from the size of the half-value angle. There are three categories from the angular distribution of luminous intensity:
(1) High directivity. Generally, it is a pointed epoxy package, or a metal reflective cavity package, and no scattering agent is added. The half-value angle is 5° to 20° or less, and it has high directivity. It can be used as a local illumination light source, or combined with a light detector to form an automatic detection system.
(2) Standard type. Usually used as indicator light, its half-value angle is 20°～45°.
(3) Scattering type. This is an indicator light with a larger viewing angle, the half-value angle is 45°~90° or more, and the amount of scattering agent is larger.
3. According to the structure of light-emitting diodes
According to the structure of light-emitting diodes, it can be divided into full epoxy encapsulation, metal base epoxy encapsulation, ceramic base epoxy encapsulation and glass encapsulation.
4. According to luminous intensity and working current
According to the luminous intensity and working current, there are ordinary brightness LEDs (luminous intensity <10mcd); ultra-high brightness LEDs (luminous intensity >100mcd); high-brightness light-emitting diodes with luminous intensity between 10 and 100mcd. General LED work The current is in the range of ten mA to dozens of mA, while the working current of the low-current LED is below 2 mA (the brightness is the same as that of the ordinary light-emitting tube)
The above are the four more common LED classification methods. Enterprises or manufacturers that use LEDs as raw materials for production may use different classification methods.
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