Comprehensive analysis of China's LED semiconductor lighting application and import and export situation
1. Current application situation
1. Type of application
At present, the more mature application fields of domestic LED are architectural landscape lighting, large-screen displays, traffic lights, indicator lights, small-size backlights for mobile phones and digital cameras, solar LED lighting, automotive lighting, special lighting and military applications, among which architectural landscapes Lighting is the largest application field of LEDs in China.
2. Mature market
(1) Architectural landscape lighting
Because LED light source has a series of advantages such as energy saving, environmental protection, light and durable, rich color, simple and easy to control, low voltage safety, etc., it has a wide range of application markets in landscape lighting. The domestic landscape lighting market scale is about 20 billion yuan or more. A number of LED landscape lighting demonstration projects have been completed in cities such as Xiamen, Chongqing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenyang and Harbin. Driven by the Olympic and World Expo LED demonstration projects, Beijing, Qingdao, Shanghai and other places will continue to build a number of LED landscape lighting projects. The expansion of the demonstration effect of these projects will further promote the adoption of LED landscape lighting in other small and medium-sized cities, thereby speeding up China’s LED landscape lighting. Used in large areas in different regions and cities.
(2) Traffic lights
The market size of traffic lights is over 1 billion yuan. At present, China's high-brightness LED urban traffic signal lights have also been widely used. For example, Shanghai clearly stipulates that all new traffic lights use LED as the light source. In addition, LEDs also have broad application prospects in railway signals. The traditional signal machine uses the double filament incandescent bulb as the light source, and the bulb life is only 1000 hours. The Chinese government plans to build an average of 1,700 kilometers of railway lines each year in the future. By 2020, the total length of China's railway lines will reach 100,000 kilometers. High-reliability, safety and low-maintenance high-brightness LEDs will do a lot. In addition, railway signal and lighting products such as hand-held signal lights, passenger car bedside reading lights, and safety sign lights have also begun to use LEDs. Our country is in the high-speed development of highways, airports, seaports and other fields of signal and sign lamps, and it is also a market with great potential for LED applications.
（3）Display
The display market has reached 5 billion yuan. LED display screens in China started early, and a group of strong manufacturers have appeared on the market, and a mature industry with complete supporting facilities has been formed. At present, LED displays in China have been widely used in public places such as stations, banks, securities, hospitals, stadiums, municipal plazas, concerts, stations, and airports. The domestic LED display market's domestic rate is close to 100%. In addition, with the development and maturity of intelligent transportation systems, the timely and comprehensive release of information has become an important part of the public service in the transportation field. Various types of information display equipment have become airports, railway stations, docks, bus stations, highways, and urban roads. , Parking lot and other leading means of disseminating information. LED display has become the main display product with its advantages of high brightness and high reliability.
(4) Small size LCD backlight
The domestic small-size (under 7 inches) backlight market is about 2 billion yuan. LED has been widely used and popularized in the field of small-size LCD panels such as mobile phones, MP3, MP4, DC/DV and PDA. With the prevalence of color-screen mobile phones, high-resolution camera phones, large-screen audio-visual mobile phones, and multifunctional 3G mobile phones, it is estimated that the number of LEDs required for each mobile phone is as high as 12-18. Therefore, it is estimated that the number of LEDs required for domestically produced mobile phones will reach about 6 billion in the next few years. Domestic packaging companies are actively developing technology research and development or introducing equipment to improve production capacity and product quality. Especially in recent years, small-size LCD backlight factories in Japan and South Korea are moving to China.
(5) Automotive applications
The domestic LED automotive lighting market has exceeded 1 billion yuan. In 2006, China's automobile production and sales reached 7,279,700 vehicles and 7,216,600 vehicles, a year-on-year increase of 32.76% and 30.02%. With the improvement of the technical level of LED light-emitting components and the decline of product prices, LED combined tail lights, LED brake lights, LED turn lights, etc. will become the mainstream configuration of car lights in China. It is estimated that in 2010, China's LED front-mounted market (OEM supporting market), LED combined taillights, LED central high-position brake lights, automotive instrument backlights and other LED lights will reach 4 billion yuan. The next application trend of automotive LEDs will be automotive headlights.
＊Solar LED lighting
The domestic output value of solar LED lighting exceeds 3 billion yuan. LED is low-voltage and DC power supply, which is very compatible with the low-voltage and DC power supply of solar photovoltaic cells. The combination of the two does not require an AC inverter, which truly realizes the combination of new energy and new light sources. Solar semiconductor lighting lawn lights, garden lights, signal indicators, etc. have begun to be used in residential areas, garden construction, and road lighting in rural areas. At present, China has occupied more than 80% of the global solar semiconductor lighting products market.
3. Future market
(1) Medium and large size LCD backlight
The three large and medium-sized LCD panels of notebook computers, liquid crystal displays, and liquid crystal televisions (LCD TV) have been widely regarded by the industry as the huge emerging market that LED backlights are entering after the mature and stable application of mobile phone backlights. China has become a major producer and consumer of mobile phones, computers, and TVs. It is estimated that in 2010, the domestic sales of notebook computers, LCD monitors, and LCD TVs will be 19 million, 25 million, and 18 million, respectively. The average demand for power-type white LEDs is respectively There are 30pcs/unit, 60pcs/unit, 180pcs/unit, totaling about 5.3 billion power white LEDs, and the market size is about 100 billion yuan. Such a huge potential demand provides a huge market space for the development of domestic LED manufacturers.
(2) Road lighting
LED street light is the first step for semiconductor lighting to finally enter the functional lighting of millions of households. Its advantage is power saving (low power, especially high effective lumens, generally 90W LED light source is equivalent to 250W high pressure sodium lamp), and strong directionality (Sensory visual enhancement type); environmental protection, safety, long life (20,000-50,000 hours); easy maintenance, high color rendering index (LED light source is between 70-80, ordinary high-pressure sodium lamp color rendering index is only about 20-40, Serious color distortion); resistant to switch and easy to control (low temperature use-light on when it is turned on). Replacing traditional street lamps with LED street lamps can save 1,000 kWh of electricity per year. The stock of street lamps used for urban road lighting in China is 28.5 million, with an annual increase of 1.5-2 million. The price of each LED street lamp is 3500-5000 yuan, and 100-200 power white LEDs are needed. The market potential is huge. In addition, the potential of the tunnel lamp market is also huge. The total length of tunnels across the country is nearly 5,000 kilometers, and the tunnel that Shanghai plans to construct is 9 kilometers connecting Chongming Island.
(3) Indoor ordinary white light lighting
There have been cases of using LED as indoor lighting in China, and the initial investment can be recovered with the electricity saved in 2-3 years. As LED performance continues to improve and prices continue to decrease, energy-saving and environmentally friendly LEDs will gradually enter the field of general lighting. Especially in public lighting places, places that require uninterrupted lighting due to environmental requirements, such as gas stations, underground parking lots, hospitals, star hotels, business halls, commodity display counters, high-end commercial office buildings, and other commercial places, are also for higher prices. Acceptable, it is expected that these places will be the first to adopt white LEDs as general lighting.
In addition, under the huge pressure of energy saving and environmental protection, foreign governments have adopted relevant policies to encourage and promote the application of LED lighting products. In December 2005, Japan promulgated a taxation promotion law to improve and increase energy use, which clearly stipulates that enterprises or institutions can use LED lighting to replace incandescent lighting to obtain 130% of the investment amount over depreciation, or a tax rate reduction of 7% of the investment amount. The EU began to implement the ROHS Act (the full name is the "Directive on Prohibiting the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment") in July 2006 to restrict the use of mercury-containing fluorescent tubes; California legislators proposed to implement an incandescent lamp prohibition order by 2012 ; In February 2007, the Australian government announced that it would phase out incandescent lamps; Taiwan, China, restricted the use of incandescent lamps in 2012.
Under the situation of China's vigorous promotion of energy conservation and environmental protection, and under the impetus of government demonstration projects in the upcoming Beijing Olympics and Shanghai World Expo, LED general lighting will surely usher in good development opportunities and prospects, and white light lighting has a very large potential market demand. . China is the second largest power generation country after the United States. The United States now consumes 600 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity per year, which accounts for about 20% of the total electricity; although China has five times the population of the United States, it consumes only 300 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity each year. , Which is only 1/2 of that of the United States, accounting for 12% of the country’s total electricity consumption. Affected by energy shortages and environmental protection requirements, China’s lighting must take the road to energy saving. China is the world’s largest producer and exporter of lighting appliances. In 2006, the industry’s output value was 160 billion yuan and exports were 10 billion US dollars. It is possible to become a major producer and exporter of LED lighting fixtures.
(4) Other emerging frontier markets
＊Artificial light source for agricultural production
In agricultural production, the artificial light sources for plant lighting and animal breeding and growth mainly include fluorescent lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, halogen lamps, and incandescent lamps. For a long time, artificial light sources with high luminous efficiency, uniformity and good light quality have been the focus and direction of the industry's attention and efforts. Compared with traditional artificial light sources, LED has green energy saving, DC drive, small size, long life, fixed wavelength, light intensity, light quality, red/blue ratio or red/infrared ratio) can be adjusted, cooling load is low, unit A series of advantages such as high area cultivation. The major project of 863 semiconductor lighting project has carried out the application research work of semiconductor lighting light source in plant tissue culture, and the first batch of experimental data of plant tissue culture seedling growth experiment using LED light source has been obtained. With the continuous deepening of experiments and the continuous accumulation of data, optimized parameters and control technologies suitable for plant group cultivation and planting and lighting of plant facilities will be obtained, and a high-efficiency LED light source system for plant tissue culture and a high-efficiency LED light source for facility plants will be developed. system.
＊Light source for medical use
Scientific experiments have confirmed that LED light sources have medical effects such as anti-inflammatory, sterilizing, inducing and promoting changes in human tissues, and affecting human biological rhythms. Therefore, there have been a large number of successful medical cases of LED light sources in the treatment of skin, vision, wounds and beauty. For example, use the anti-inflammatory effect of LED red light to treat skin ulcers and assist wound healing; combine blue and red light to treat mild to moderately severe acne; use LED infrared light to treat arthritis, tendinitis, back pain, etc.; use white LED The light source endoscope reproduces the color of the object, and the front end of the endoscope is equipped with a near-ultraviolet LED that can repel pathogens in the human body. The equipment developed in the United States for photodynamic skin cancer and brain tumor therapy using LEDs has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human clinical trials. LED light sources are widely used in human diagnosis and treatment, and it is expected that the medical-oriented LED market will gradually expand in the future.
＊LED LCD projector
Using LED as the light source of the LCD projector, it has the advantages of miniaturization, energy saving and environmental protection, low-voltage battery drive, fast switching machine, wide color display range (NTSC up to 130%), long service life (3-6 times that of high-voltage bulbs), etc. Series performance advantages have broad market prospects for meeting the needs of home entertainment or office presentations that place more emphasis on flexibility and display effects. In January 2006, ViewSonic, a global leader in video technology, launched and exhibited its first LED LCD projector series at "CES 2006" in Las Vegas, USA.
＊LED light source for DLP rear projection
DLP (Digital Light Processing) technology is based on a micro-electromechanical (MEMS) component, using extremely fast digital micro-mirror components to control the optical switch, which is a true digital projection and display technology. Compared with the current commonly used high-pressure mercury bulbs, LED light sources are a long-lived and environmentally-friendly new type of light source. In addition to fast switching and independent brightness adjustment to improve dynamic picture effects, the color purity of LED light sources is extremely high, and the color range of the displayed image is extremely high. (NTSC) is much wider than the use of high-pressure mercury bulbs; in addition, LED has the advantage of low heat generation. It does not require high-pressure mercury bulbs to preheat and shut down the power-on heat dissipation process, and can achieve high-speed startup and fast shutdown (important for commercial use). With the increasing popularity of DLP rear projections, LEDs, as a new type of light source to replace high-pressure mercury lamps, are bound to do a lot.
＊Aviation lighting source
There are many types of LED lighting aviation application products, such as aviation lights, aircraft interior lights, aircraft exterior lights, airport lights, obstacle warning lights, flashing lights, beacon lights, runway signal lights, etc. The internationally renowned Boeing Company has designated the LED lighting system for the main cabin of the new Boeing 787 Dreamliner to provide passengers with more comfortable and leisure air travel. In addition, the system consists of LED ceiling lamps, side wall lamps, entrance lamps, corridor lamps and accent lamps, providing additional advantages such as lower maintenance costs and longer repair intervals.
＊Museum cultural relics display lighting
Traditional light sources, such as the ultraviolet radiation and heat generated by fluorescent lamps and metal halide lamps, will cause different degrees of aging and damage to museum cultural relics. LED light sources are driven by low voltage and have low heat generation. The requirements for safety and fire protection are easy to meet. At the same time, LED light sources It does not contain infrared rays and ultraviolet rays that damage cultural relics, and can show specific true colors. China's Dunhuang Research Institute has begun to use LEDs as the lighting source for murals. LED light source lighting has a large application market in museums and ancient architectural lighting.
2. Import and export situation
1, chip
Chip imports in 2007 were approximately US$400 million. Before 2002, domestic LED chips were totally dependent on imports. After the National Semiconductor Lighting Project was launched in 2003, GaN power chips grew out of nothing and drove the development of low-power chips, gradually replacing imports. In 2006, the domestic demand for LED chips was 66 billion pieces, and 37 billion pieces were imported. The localization rate has reached 44%. It is estimated that in 2007, domestic low-power GaN chips for white light lighting will reach 8 billion, the localization rate will exceed 30%, and the localization rate of power-type GaN chips will reach 20%.
2, package
The export value of packaging in 2007 was approximately USD 1.1 billion. In 2006, the domestic LED packaging output was 60 billion (excluding Taiwan-funded and Hong Kong-funded packaging companies), with sales of 14.6 billion yuan. It is expected to reach 20 billion yuan in 2007, and the export value is about 100 million US dollars. In addition, Taiwanese companies' export-oriented packaging output in the mainland is more than 30 billion units per year, and the export value exceeds 1 billion US dollars. China has become the world's most important LED packaging
