LED light-emitting diode is a solid-state semiconductor device that can convert electrical energy into visible light, and it can directly convert electricity into light. The heart of the LED is a semiconductor wafer, one end of the wafer is attached to a bracket, so that the entire wafer is encapsulated by epoxy resin. The semiconductor wafer consists of two parts, the other end is an N-type semiconductor, and here is mainly electrons. But when the two semiconductors are connected, a P-N junction is formed between them. When the current acts on the wafer through the wire, the electrons will be pushed to the P area, and then will be emitted in the form of photons, which is the principle of LED light emission. The wavelength of light, which is also the color of light, is determined by the material that forms the P-N junction.
At the beginning, LED was used as the indicator light source for instruments and meters, and later LEDs of various light colors were widely used in traffic lights and large-area display screens, resulting in good economic and social benefits.
Take a 12-inch red traffic light as an example. In the United States, a long-life, low-efficiency 140-watt incandescent lamp is used as the light source, which produces 2000 lumens of white light. In the newly designed lamp, Lumileds used 18 red LED light sources, including circuit losses, a total of 14 watts of power consumption, which can produce the same light effect. Automotive signal lights are also an important area of application of LED light sources.
For general lighting, people need more white light sources. In 1998, the LED that emits white light was successfully developed. The LED is made by encapsulating a GaN chip with yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG). Now, for InGaN/YAG white LEDs, by changing the chemical composition of the YAG phosphor and adjusting the thickness of the phosphor layer, various colors of white light with a color temperature of 3500-10000K can be obtained. This method of obtaining white light through LED has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and high technical maturity.
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