Global electric vehicle charging pile operation mode and competitive landscape analysis
Analysis of the competitive landscape of global electric vehicle charging piles in 2018
1. Standard battle
In addition to China's national standards, foreign countries are mainly three-party melee, the first is the Japanese CHAdeMO standard with a first-mover advantage, which was launched by the Japan Electric Vehicle Association and the Japan Electric Vehicle Charging Association in 2010; followed by the European and American camps, they use European and American cars. In 2012, the company led the launch of the Combined Charging System (CCS), which is based on the American SAE standard and the European ACEA standard; finally, the American Tesla, which is a car company and a standard maker, pushes its own standard of super charging piles.
The charging pile operators that provide charging services for cars, in the chaos of charging standard rivers and lakes, often adopt the strategy of being compatible with several mainstream charging standard interfaces on their own charging piles, so as to provide as many electric vehicles as possible. Car charging (except Tesla).
In 2010, major Japanese automakers, the country's largest electric vehicle company and the government jointly implemented a plan to create a fast charging standard for electric vehicles, established the "Electric Vehicle Charging Association", and finally released the CHAdeMO standard. In the process of promoting this standard to become a global standard, several major Japanese car companies and charging pile operating companies have joined forces to go overseas and actively lobby in Europe and the United States to gain the upper hand. The Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi i-MiEV and South Korea's Kia SOULEV, which are currently top-selling electric vehicles in the world, all adopt the plug-in motor standard. According to the data released by the official website of the plug-in motor, as of October 2015, there were 9,197 charging piles supporting plug-in DC fast charging in the world, including 5,484 in Japan, 2,364 in Europe, 1,306 in the United States, 55 in other regions, and 55 in Europe. The market growth is very obvious.
In May 2012, the United States established the "Fast Charging Association" at the 26th World Power Battery Electric Vehicle Conference in Los Angeles. In the same month, eight major European and American car companies, including Ford, GM, Volkswagen, Audi, BMW, Daimler and Porsche, and Chrysler, issued a statement on the establishment of a unified electric vehicle fast charging standard, and then announced the joint promotion of the Combined Charging System (CCS). The advantage of this charging interface is that it integrates ordinary charging and fast charging into one plug/socket, and can use single-phase, three-phase alternating current and direct current, and has become the "integrator" of mainstream charging piles in Europe and the United States, so it is quickly obtained. Accredited by the German Automobile Industry Association. However, CCS belongs to the latecomer camp, so the number of electric vehicles and charging piles currently supporting the CCS standard is less than that of CHAdeMO. According to data released by the electric vehicle industry website InsideEVs.com, as of April 2015, there were only 900 charging piles supporting CCS in Europe, far fewer than CHAdeMO. In the spring of 2015, in California, which has the most developed electric vehicle charging network in the United States, there were only 104 charging stations that support the CCS standard, while there were 324 plug-in Demos. In order to compete for the market, the EU passed the "Alternative Energy Infrastructure Construction Directive", which stipulates that within 3 years from the entry into force of the directive, public charging stations can still only build CHAdeMO fast charging piles, but all new fast charging piles thereafter must have CCS Fast charging system.
2. The battle of business models
At this stage, the world's electric vehicle charging piles mainly include three business models: charging pile + commodity retail + service consumption, charging APP + cloud service + remote intelligent management vehicle manufacturer + equipment manufacturer + operator + user. Manufacturers + equipment manufacturers + operators + users” mode of operation; the United States adopts “charging APP + cloud service + remote intelligent management”, and learns from the development of charging pile operation models in other countries in the world. In the future, my country should actively start from serving consumer terminals. Promote the development of the charging pile industry.
3. Enterprise battle
At this stage, under the background of the world's promotion of the development of new energy vehicles and pure electric vehicles, the world's major international companies are actively promoting the construction of domestic electric vehicle charging piles. Electric vehicle production-related enterprises and charging pile equipment suppliers in various countries are actively participating in domestic charging piles. At present, my country is the country with the largest number of charging piles. future. With the gradual popularization of the development of electric vehicles in various countries, the competition of charging pile construction enterprises will develop fiercely.
Taking the U.S. market where electric vehicles and charging infrastructure are relatively mature as an example, there are currently five dominant charging pile companies in the United States.
The first is ChargePoint, which has the largest and most open charging network. The company currently has more than 25,000 charging stations across North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania. Its charging piles are compatible with all brands of electric vehicles, and the charging data can be processed in the background and then provided to car owners, power companies, etc. Owners of ChargePoint charging stations (including hotels, restaurants, etc.) can decide their own charging prices, but most places charge for free.
The second is Blink's charging stations. Blink generally builds charging stations in major cities in the United States and is compatible with all electric vehicle charging standards. There are about 4,000 charging stations in the United States. Brink also implements a membership system, and the specific charging fee is related to the membership level. Brink is a subsidiary of the American charging facility operator CarCharging Group. Since its establishment in 2009, the group has been adopting a development model of signing an exclusive agreement with parking facility owners, investing in the construction of a charging pile network, and charging users for charging service fees.
The third is SemaConnect's charging stations, which are located in North America, from British Columbia in western Canada to Florida in the southeastern United States. SemaConnect's charging stations, like ChargePoint, are also privately owned, and the cost of charging is determined by the owners of the charging stations (restaurants and department stores). Most are free, a few charge. To use SemaConnect's charging stations, sign up as a member, use its mobile app to charge and pay.
Finally, eVgo and Aerovironment are niche companies in the charging pile market, and they have their own characteristics in charging pile usage fees.
Even in the United States, where the charging network covers a wide range, due to the competition between charging companies, charging outside does not mean that you can find a pile to lean on to charge, and giant companies that can unify the charging piles have not yet emerged.
