LED Light Spectra Impact Lettuce Baby Greens' Growth and Nutritional Value
The growth, pigment accumulation, and antioxidant qualities of red coral lettuce and green lettuce baby greens were investigated in this study in relation to white, blue, red + blue, and red LED light. Morphological, pigment, and biochemical markers were measured and statistically analysed during the 20-day experiment, which had a 10-hour light/14-hour dark photoperiod.
Green lettuce outperformed red lettuce in the majority of morphological indexes; red + blue light*was the most successful in terms of growth, greatly boosting plant height, petiole length, and fresh biomass. Blue light restricted plant height but increased leaf area, whereas red light encouraged stem elongation but decreased biomass and leaf area. Both types' root growth was enhanced by white light.
White light preserved the highest chlorophyll concentration for pigments, however red and red + blue light significantly reduced chlorophyll, with red light causing a 57.81% decrease in green lettuce's total chlorophyll. When compared to white light, blue light showed the least amount of loss in carotenoids, lycopene, and lutein.
Red light produced the lowest levels of antioxidants, whereas white light produced the highest overall phenolic and flavonoid contents, followed by blue light. Compared to green lettuce, red lettuce had somewhat more antioxidants. Chlorophyll and antioxidants were important differentiators, and PCA and correlation analysis confirmed that light spectra significantly influenced growth, pigments, and secondary metabolites.
In conclusion, white and blue light improve nutritional quality by increasing pigments and antioxidants, while red + blue LED light maximises lettuce growth and biomass. These results offer a foundation for light regulation in controlled environment agriculture for the production of high-quality lettuce baby greens.
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