Lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium batteries, which is better? - Knowledge

Currently used in lithium-ion battery cathode materials are mainly lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobaltate, ternary materials and other materials, the current use of power battery cathode is mainly used in lithium iron phosphate and ternary two materials. Then lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium batteries which is better? This article will introduce in detail the advantages and disadvantages of lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium battery comparison.

Lithium iron phosphate batteries(LFP/LiFePo4)Lithium iron phosphate battery is a lithium-ion battery that uses lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material. It features no precious elements such as cobalt, low raw material prices and abundant resources of phosphorus and iron present in the earth, so there will be no supply problems. Its operating voltage is moderate (3.2V), high capacity per unit weight (170 mAh/g), high discharge power, fast charging and long cycle life, and high stability in high temperature and high heat environments.

Advantage
Compared to the more common lithium cobalt and lithium manganate batteries on the market today, lithium iron phosphate batteries have at least the following five advantages: higher safety, longer service life, does not contain any heavy metals and rare metals (low cost of raw materials), support for fast charging, wide operating temperature range.
Disadvantage
Lithium iron phosphate has some performance defects, such as very low vibrational density and compaction density, resulting in low energy density of lithium-ion batteries; high cost of material preparation and battery manufacturing costs, low battery yield and poor consistency; poor product consistency; and intellectual property issues.

Ternary lithium battery

Ternary lithium battery generally refers to the ternary polymer lithium battery: cathode material using lithium nickel cobalt manganate (Li (NiCoMn) O2) ternary cathode material of lithium batteries. According to Ouyang Minggao of Tsinghua University, the "ternary" material referred to in this survey refers to the usual term "ternary power battery" in which the positive electrode is ternary and the negative electrode is graphite. In the actual research and development applications, there is a positive electrode is ternary, the negative electrode is lithium titanate, usually called "lithium titanate", its performance is safer, longer life, does not belong to the common term "ternary materials."

Advantage
Ternary lithium batteries have high energy density and better cycle performance than normal lithium cobaltate. At present, with the continuous improvement of the formula and structural perfection, the nominal voltage of the battery has reached 3.7V and has reached or exceeded the level of lithium cobalt-acid battery in terms of capacity.
Disadvantage
Ternary material lithium battery mainly includes lithium nickel cobalt aluminum acid and lithium nickel cobalt manganese acid, etc. The high temperature structure of nickel cobalt aluminum is unstable, resulting in poor high temperature safety, and the pH value is too high to make the monomer swell, which will cause danger, and the current cost is high.