What is the working principle of LED lights?
LED (Light Emitting Diode), a light-emitting diode, is a solid-state semiconductor device that can convert electrical energy into visible light, that is, a light-emitting diode, which can directly convert electricity into light. The heart of the LED is a semiconductor chip, one end of the chip is attached to a bracket, one end is the negative electrode, and the other end is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, so that the entire chip is encapsulated by epoxy resin. The semiconductor wafer consists of two parts, one part is a P-type semiconductor, in which holes dominate, and the other end is an N-type semiconductor, where electrons are mainly. When the two semiconductors are connected, a P-N junction is formed between them. When the current acts on the wafer through the wire, the electrons will be pushed to the P region, where the electrons and holes recombine, and then emit energy in the form of photons, which is the principle of LED light. The wavelength of light, which is also the color of light, is determined by the material that forms the P-N junction.
A single LED lamp bead can only work at low voltage (about 3V) and low current (about a few milliamps), and the light emitted is very weak. Many LED lamp beads need to be connected in series or in parallel; at the same time, a single LED lamp bead is unidirectionally conductive. In order to make full use of the positive and negative half-cycle current of the alternating current, an integrated circuit chip is required to convert the alternating current 220V power supply into voltage and current energy. The direct current that matches the LED collection can meet the requirements of the LED lamp bead collection, so that it can emit light normally.
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The main working principle of full-color LED is: the change of seven colors is realized by the three primary colors of red, green and blue, and the pulse width modulation of the output waveform is used, that is, the duty cycle of the LED light is adjusted, and the scanning speed is very fast. It uses the visual inertia of the human eye to achieve a gradient effect.
