The "three major systems" of 9 kinds of lamps and lanterns
What is a light fixture?
The International Commission on Illumination defines a luminaire as: "It can redistribute, filter or transform the light emitted by a light source". In addition, it also includes the necessary components for fixing and protecting the light source, as well as auxiliary circuit equipment for connecting the light source and power supply lines.
Starting from the definition of any piece of lighting, it can be decomposed into three major systems:
1. Mechanical system: fixation, protection, support, safety
2. Electrical system: power supply, maintenance, insulation, control
3. Optical system: anti-glare, light distribution
For example, a high bay light, there will be a hanging rod between the light body and the ceiling, which can play the role of fixed support. This is the mechanical system of this light fixture; while the ballast located between the pole and the light body is an electrical system; the remaining reflectors, lenses, etc. belong to the optical system. Another example is a lamp panel: the iron shell in the upper half is the mechanical system of the entire lamp panel, the ballast inside the iron panel is the electrical system, and the bottom grille is the optical system. Every lamp has these three systems.
For lamps, its biggest role is to redistribute the light emitted by the light source, and then control the lighting angle. Therefore, among the three major systems, the optical system accounts for the largest proportion of the performance of the lamps, which can reach 60%, and the remaining electrical systems and mechanical systems each account for 20%.
1. Chandeliers
The structure of the chandelier looks very simple and clear, but it has a lot of three systems: the wire connecting the chandelier and the lamp holder have two functions. First, it can input current into the bulb and emit light; second, It holds the chandelier firmly to the ceiling, so this wire is both an electrical system and a mechanical system. The lampshade net outside this lamp does not play the role of an optical system, but it has a certain decorative effect (some chandeliers have a lampshade shell, which can effectively prevent glare).
2. Traditional downlight
The structure of the downlight is more complicated than that of the chandelier. The bottom of the lamp body is a cover, which is decorative and helps to install the lamp body on the ceiling (mechanical system); then the inner layer has a reflector with light distribution. role (optical system);
The installation spring and lamp body bracket on the upper part help support and fix the bulb, and the remaining junction box is an insulator to ensure the safety of electricity.
3. LED Downlight
The structure of the current LED downlight is similar to the above-mentioned downlight, but the light source has been changed. It is no longer a light bulb, but a light source board. In order for this light source board to work properly, the lamp body needs to have drivers, flash films, shading rings, etc., which all belong to the category of optical systems.
Second, the cover and spring form a mechanical system that fixes the luminaire to the ceiling.
4. LED spotlight
Similarly, the internal structure of LED spotlights is probably the same, with cover, radiator (the light source can work more efficiently), reflectors, etc. On this basis, connectors and mounting brackets are added to fix the spotlight on the in the corresponding position.
5. LED panel light
The light source of the LED panel light is embedded in the frame, and the light is exported through the light guide plate. The bottom cover at the rear is used for fixing.
6. Track Lights
The same is true for track lights, each of its microstructures can be divided into a system. The outermost part of the lamp body has a protective shell and a hood, and the innermost part has various optical devices.
7. led high bay light
Now the latest high bay light is no longer like the original traditional high bay light. There is no longer a reflector in its structure, but is replaced by a lens, which becomes the optical system of the light fixture; the iron chain above the light body and the mounting bracket are its safety mechanisms. system.
8. Lawn lamp
The lawn lamp in the park is also a very common type of lamp, and its structure is also very simple: the outermost lamp body is connected with a transparent lampshade to prevent rainwater from entering the lamp body, which is its safety protection mechanical system; at the same time , This lampshade is also one of the optical systems, which can ensure that the light is evenly distributed.
9. Solar Street Lights
Solar street lights are the most complex type of lamps, because they need to use solar energy, so there will be an additional set of complex control systems at the bottom of the street lights, including controllers, battery boxes, flat pads, etc.
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